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Vztah mezi zadlužeností domácností a hospodářským cyklem ve vybraných evropských zemích
Oleinik, Aleksandr
The aim of the work is to identify the relationship between household in-debtedness and the economic cycle in selected countries. In the empirical part, the analysis of the period 1996Q1-2022Q4 is carried out, based on data obtained from the BIS (Bank for International Stettlements) and Eurostat. The selection of countries was carried out with the help of work C. Gräb-ner, P. Heimberg, J. Kapeller and B. Schütze, 2019, where the EU states are divided into 4 economic groups. The following were selected: Core (Germany, Belgium), economies with a significant financial sector (Luxembourg, Netherlands), periph-ery (Italy, France), catch-up economies (Poland, Czech Republic). Two crises occurred in the reporting period, financial (2008) and pandem-ic COVID-19 (2020), so the time series was additionally divided into two sections 1996Q1-2007Q4 and 2008Q1-2019Q4, in order to verify the impact of the 2008 crisis on the relationship between debt and the economic cycle. Correlation and vector autoregression with the extension of Granger causality were used for the analysis . It was found that at time t there is a very weak correlation between the economic cycle and household indebtedness . Granger causality shows that the relationship in most states is endogenous, i.e. household indebtedness and the economic cycle interact, but in some states one-sided Granger causality has been identified. In the case of Germany, household indebtedness is a leading indicator of the economic cycle in all the periods examined, whereas in Italy household in-debtedness is a leading indicator only for the whole period). Luxembourg was the only country where no Granger causality was found.
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Fertility postponement in the Czech Republic and selected European countries in the period 1990−2015
Tovarová, Lenka ; Kurtinová, Olga (advisor) ; Šťastná, Anna (referee)
Fertility postponement in the Czech republic and selected European countries in the period 1990−2015 Abstract We have been able to observe the trend of shifting of maternity to later periods of life in European countries since the second half of the 20th century. However crucial for this thesis is to determine whether there have been disparity in delaying of maternity between selected Eastern European (Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland) and Western European (Germany and Austria) countries since 1990 till present. The goal of this work is to find the relationship among setting of family policies, fertility rate of older women and respondents' views. In the first part of this thesis are outlined basic theories explaining postponing of maternity. There are also listed consequences related to the late maternity. The thesis touches a topic of family policies which influence the phenomenon of late maternity. It presents several fundamental tools of family policies and compares them among selected countries. The second part focuses on a description of demographic indicators that demonstrate the shift in timing of maternity. The main analysis in this thesis is a logistic regression, which explains respondent's views on issues related to a harmonization of family and employment by selected explanatory variables from...
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Selected determinants of population health and their impact on mortality in European countries
Straka, Jakub ; Šídlo, Luděk (advisor) ; Kulhánová, Ivana (referee)
Selected determinants of population health and their impact on mortality in European countries Abstract The thesis focuses on the relationship of lifestyle determinants of men and women in selected European countries in 2014 with their subjective (healthy life years) and objective level of mortality (life expectancy) and their mortality rates to the most common causes. These are ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular diseases and malignant neoplasm of the trachea, bronchus and lung. Selected determinants of health were physical activity, BMI, fruit and vegetable consumption, smoking and alcohol consumption. The indicator life expectancy in health is most often related to the exact age of 65 years, and therefore this work also focuses on the elderly population. Multiple linear regression was used to examine the effect of selected health determinants on mortality levels. In addition, the thesis explores the development and intensity of life expectancy in the health of men and women in the period 2004-2014. Finally, it addresses whether the European population between the first decade of the 21st century and 2014 saw an increase in healthy life years. The initial source of data is the EHIS and EU-SILC. Due to the chosen methods, it was found that the length of life in health rather stagnated, which is...
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Determinants of Induced Abortion in Selected European Countries
Michálková, Tereza ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Chorna, Olena (referee)
The thesis scrutinizes potential impacts of various socio-economic determ- inants on the legally induced abortions in Europe by examining a sample of 15 European countries for the 2007-2017 period. For the panel data re- gression, fixed effects estimation and random effects estimation, both with the Newey-West robust standard errors, are applied and compared with the Hausman test. The significant results generally correspond to the pre- vious studies. Specifically, both crude divorce rate and female unemploy- ment propose a positive impact on abortions and crude birth rate influences abortions negatively. The only exception opposing the previous studies is the female tertiary education that signals substantial negative impact on abortions in the context of European countries. In addition, the thesis in- troduces new economic variables to the topic of abortions (social benefits, GDP growth rate, GDP per capita and political stability index). Nonethe- less, except for the positive effect of GDP per capita on abortions, the other economic variables did not appear to be significant in the preferred models. Keywords Abortion ratio, legally induced abortions, socio-economic determinants, fixed effects, random effects, European countries.
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Fertility postponement in the Czech Republic and selected European countries in the period 1990−2015
Tovarová, Lenka ; Kurtinová, Olga (advisor) ; Šťastná, Anna (referee)
Fertility postponement in the Czech republic and selected European countries in the period 1990−2015 Abstract We have been able to observe the trend of shifting of maternity to later periods of life in European countries since the second half of the 20th century. However crucial for this thesis is to determine whether there have been disparity in delaying of maternity between selected Eastern European (Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland) and Western European (Germany and Austria) countries since 1990 till present. The goal of this work is to find the relationship among setting of family policies, fertility rate of older women and respondents' views. In the first part of this thesis are outlined basic theories explaining postponing of maternity. There are also listed consequences related to the late maternity. The thesis touches a topic of family policies which influence the phenomenon of late maternity. It presents several fundamental tools of family policies and compares them among selected countries. The second part focuses on a description of demographic indicators that demonstrate the shift in timing of maternity. The main analysis in this thesis is a logistic regression, which explains respondent's views on issues related to a harmonization of family and employment by selected explanatory variables from...
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Kazakhstan: Mortality in European context (comparison with selected European countries and nationalities)
Petkov, Michal ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kurtinová, Olga (referee)
Kazakhstan: Mortality in European context (comparison with selected European countries and nationalities) Abstract The aim of this diploma thesis is to anylized mortality rates in Kazakhstan and compared it with selected European countries. In the begining of the thesis is brief outline of history and development of ethnic composition in this Central Asian Republic. Another section contains a comparison of the economic and social conditions in Kazakhstan with two selected European countries - the Czech Republic and Sweden. The thesis continues with comparison and development of the most important mortality indicators in the three above mentioned countries. One of the used criteria summarizes findings from the comparison of mortality backgrounds of three selected European minorities living in Kazakhstan (Germans, Russians and Ukrainians) with their country of origin. This comparison shows a big difference for German nationality, for Russians and Ukrainians the differences are minimal. The concept of avoidable mortality was also used for comparison mortality conditions in selected countries. The results show a low level of health care system in Kazakhstan. The analysis shows a clear gap in Kazakhstan levels of mortality in comparison with selected European countries and nations. Keywords: Kazakhstan, The...
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Kazakhstan: Mortality in European context (comparison with selected European countries and nationalities)
Petkov, Michal ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Burcin, Boris (referee)
Kazakhstan: Mortality in european context (comparison with selected european countries and nationalities) Abstract The aim of this diploma thesis is to compare mortality rates in Kazakhstan with selected European countries. The first part discusses literature, available data sources and a list of indicators. The thesis deals with brief outline of history and development of ethnic composition in this Central Asian republic. Another section contains a comparison of the economic and social conditions in Kazakhstan with two selected European countries - the Czech Republic and Sweden. The thesis continues with comparison and development of the most important mortality indicators in the three above mentioned countries. The last chapter summarizes findings from the comparison of mortality backgrounds of three selected European minorities living in Kazakhstan (Germans, Russians and Ukrainians) with their country of origin. The analysis of above mentioned factors shows a clear gap in Kazakhstan levels of mortality in comparison with selected European countries. A Comparison of mortality of European minorities living in the territory of Kazakhstan with their countries of origin shows a big difference for German nationality, for Russians and Ukrainians the differences are minimal. Keywords: Kazakhstan, European...
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Census in selected European countries
Procházka, Matěj ; Langhamrová, Jitka (advisor) ; Říha, Jan (referee)
This thesis deals with the history of census over the years to present. In the 2011 was held last census in the most of European countries. In the following parts of my thesis there are described methods which are used to get data from population. Very important thing is to mention international documents and recommendations which are base for actual census. The history of census in selected European countries is described in the next chapter of the work. The history of Czech census is described more detailed than history of other countries. In the last part of my thesis there is comparison of indicators. The indicators are based on data which was obtained in the last census in 2011.
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Comparison of fertility in Czech Republic and selected countries from Europe
Špecinger, Ota ; Fiala, Tomáš (advisor) ; Durdisová, Jaroslava (referee)
The main topic of this bachelor essay is the comparison of fertility in Czech Republic and selected countries from Europe. This essay puts mind to methodology and general characteristics of fertility. The main part of the essay is dedicated to the analysis of the development of age specific fertility rates, total fertility rate and average mother`s age from 1960 to the present time. This analysis is made for Czech Republic and fifteen selected European countries. There is also analysis for specific generation fertility, total generation fertility, complete and incomplete generation fertility. The generation topic is only for 5 selected from Europe with Czech Republic.
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The comparation of Pre-School Education in Chosen Europian Countries
PETRŽELOVÁ, Iveta
Bachelor work deals with comparation of pre-school education in chosen europian countries. The bachelor work is divided into 2 parts, the theoretical and the practical. In theoretical part is briefly summaried the pre-school education in 16 europian countries. I deal deeper with comparation of the pre-school education in Czech republic and in Netherlands. The aim of the bachelor work was to find on the basis this comparation what could our pre-school education get inspired by.
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